I-Ding, ding, bang, iphule enye, futhi leli lilinye lamathuluzi ajwayelekile kakhulu elabhorethri yethu, izitsha zeglasi. Indlela yokuhlanza izitsha zeglasi nokuthi zomisa kanjani.

Kunezinto eziningi okufanele uziqaphele ngesikhathi usebenzisa, uyazi?

1. Uingilazi evamile

(I) I-Pipette

1. Ukuhlukaniswa: I-single mark pipette (ebizwa ngokuthi i-big belly pipette), i-graduate pipette (uhlobo lokukhipha okungaphelele, uhlobo lokukhipha okuphelele, uhlobo lokukhipha umoya)

1. I-pipette yophawu olulodwa isetshenziselwa ukufaka i-pipette ngokunembayo. Ububanzi bengxenye yokumaka ye-pipette enophawu olulodwa buncane futhi ukunemba kuphezulu; I-pipette yokukhomba inobubanzi obukhulu futhi ukunemba kubi kancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kulinganiswa ivolumu yenani eliphelele lesisombululo, usayizi ohambisanayo uvame ukusetshenziswa i-pipette yophawu olulodwa esikhundleni se-pipette yokukhomba.

1. Ukusebenza:

Ukufaka Amapayipi: Ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo oludinga ukunemba okuphezulu, sula amanzi asele esiqongweni sepayipi ngephepha lokuhlunga, bese ugeza amanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesiqongo sepayipi ngoketshezi olulindile izikhathi ezintathu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo sokusebenza esisusiwe akushintshi. Qaphela ukuthi ungaphindiseli isixazululo ukuze ugweme ukuncibilika nokungcola kwesisombululo.

Uma ufaka isixazululo esizophefumulwa, faka isihloko sethubhu ngaphansi kobuso obuyi-1-2cm (isixazululo esijulile kakhulu, esiningi kakhulu sinamathela odongeni lwangaphandle lwethubhu; singajulile kakhulu: singenamuntu ngemva kokwehla kwezinga loketshezi).

Ukufunda: Umugqa wokubona usesigabeni esifanayo nephuzu eliphansi kakhulu le-meniscus yesisombululo.

Ukukhululwa: isihloko sethubhu sithinta ingaphakathi lesitsha ukuze isitsha sitsheke futhi ithubhu liqonde.

Kushiywe kukhululekile odongeni: Ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi likhishwe esitsheni sokwamukela, linda imizuzwana emi-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi luphuma ngokuphelele.

(2) iflaski ebanzi

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa ikhambi lokuhlushwa okunembile.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amaflaski evolumu, hlola ukuthi ivolumu yamaflaski evolumu iyahambisana yini nalokho okudingekayo; Amaflaski evolumu ansundu kufanele asetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni izinto ezincibilikayo ezilula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ipulaki yokugaya noma ipulaki yepulasitiki ivuza amanzi.

1. Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza: engeza amanzi ompompi endaweni eseduze nomugqa welebula, xhuma i-cork ngokuqinile, cindezela ipulaki ngomunwe ongaphambili, misa ibhodlela libheke phansi imizuzu emi-2, bese usebenzisa iphepha lokuhlunga elomile ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuza kwamanzi eduze kwesikhala somlomo webhodlela. Uma kungekho ukuvuza kwamanzi, jikelezisa i-cork ngo-180° bese ume ngekhanda layo eminye imizuzu emi-2 ukuhlola.

2. Amanothi:

Izinduku zeglasi kumele zisetshenziswe lapho kudluliselwa izixazululo kumaflaski evolumu;

Ungalibambi ibhodlela esandleni sakho ukuze ugweme ukukhukhuleka koketshezi;

Uma ivolumu ebhodleleni elinomthamo ifinyelela cishe ku-3/4, shukumisa ibhodlela elinomthamo izikhathi eziningana (ungaphindiseli emuva), ukuze isixazululo sihlangane kahle. Bese ubeka ibhodlela elinomthamo etafuleni bese ufaka amanzi kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho seliseduze nomugqa ongu-1cm, ulinde imizuzu eyi-1-2 ukuze ushiye isixazululo sinamathele odongeni lwentamo yebhodlela. Engeza amanzi endaweni ephansi kakhulu ngaphansi kwezinga loketshezi olugobile bese uthinta uphawu;

Isixazululo esishisayo kufanele sipholiswe sifinyelele ekushiseni kwegumbi ngaphambi kokufakwa ebhodleleni elinomthamo, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangelwa iphutha lomthamo.

Ibhodlela levolumu alikwazi ukugcina ikhambi isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi i-lye, ezogugisa ingilazi futhi yenze i-cork inamathele futhi ingakwazi ukuvula;

Uma ibhodlela elinomthamo seliphelile, lihlanze ngamanzi.

Uma ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, yigeze bese uyisula bese uyinamathisela ngephepha.

1.  Indlela yokuwasha

Ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezingilazi ezisetshenziswa elabhorethri ebonakalayo neyamakhemikhali zihlanzekile yini kuvame ukuthinta ukuthembeka nokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingilazi ezisetshenziswayo zihlanzekile.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokugeza izingilazi, okufanele zikhethwe ngokwezidingo zokuhlolwa, uhlobo lokungcola kanye nezinga lokungcola. Idivayisi yokulinganisa edinga ukulinganisa isisombululo ngokunembile, akulula ukusebenzisa ibhulashi lapho uhlanza, ngoba ibhulashi lisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kulula ukuligqoka udonga lwangaphakathi lwedivayisi yokulinganisa, futhi izinto ezizolinganiswa azinembile.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwezinto zengilazi: udonga lwangaphakathi kufanele lumanziswe ngokuphelele ngamanzi ngaphandle kobuhlalu.

Indlela yokuhlanza：

(1) Hlanza ngamanzi;

(2) Geza ngensipho noma ngesisombululo sensipho (le ndlela ayinconywa ekuhlolweni kwe-chromatography noma kwe-mass spectrometry, ama-surfactants akulula ukuwahlanza, okungathinta imiphumela yokuhlola);

(3) Sebenzisa i-chromium lotion (20g potassium dichromate incibilikiswa emanzini afudumele naxutshwe angu-40g, bese kuthi kancane kancane kufakwe i-hydrochloric acid egxilile engu-360g): inekhono elinamandla lokususa uwoyela ezintweni eziphilayo, kodwa iyagqwala kakhulu futhi inobuthi obuthile. Naka ukuphepha;

(4) Amanye ama-lotion;

I-alkaline potassium permanganate lotion: I-4g ye-potassium permanganate incibilikiswa emanzini, i-10g ye-potassium hydroxide iyangezwa bese ixutshwa namanzi ku-100ml. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amabala kawoyela noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

I-oxalic acid lotion: I-oxalic acid engu-5-10g incibilikiswa emanzini angu-100ml, bese kufakwa inani elincane le-hydrochloric acid egxilile. Lesi sixazululo sisetshenziselwa ukugeza i-manganese dioxide ekhiqizwa ngemuva kokugeza nge-potassium permanganate.

I-iodine-potassium iodide lotion (i-iodine engu-1g kanye ne-potassium iodide engu-2g zincibilikiswa emanzini bese zixutshwa namanzi ku-100ml): zisetshenziselwa ukugeza ukungcola okunsundu okumnyama okusele kwe-nitrate yesiliva.

Isixazululo sokukhuhla esimsulwa: i-hydrochloric acid engu-1:1 noma i-nitric acid. Sisetshenziselwa ukususa ama-ion amancane.

I-alkaline lotion: isixazululo samanzi esingu-10% se-sodium hydroxide. Umphumela wokususa amafutha ngokushisa ungcono.

Izinyibilikisi ze-organic (i-ether, i-ethanol, i-benzene, i-acetone): ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amabala kawoyela noma izinto ze-organic ezincibilikisiwe ku-solvent.

3. Drying

Izitsha zengilazi kufanele zigezwe futhi zomiswe ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva ngemva kokuhlolwa ngakunye. Ukuhlolwa okuhlukene kunezidingo ezahlukene zezinga lokoma kwezinsimbi zengilazi. Isibonelo, iflaski engunxantathu esetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ubumuncu ingasetshenziswa ngemva kokugeza, kanti iflaski engunxantathu esetshenziswa ekunqumeni amafutha idinga ukomiswa. Ithuluzi kufanele lomiswe ngokwezidingo ezahlukene.

(1) Umoya owomile: uma ungayidingi ngokushesha, ingomiswa ibheke phansi;

(2) Ukomisa: Kungomiswa kuhhavini ku-105-120℃ (idivayisi yokulinganisa ayikwazi ukomiswa kuhhavini);

(3) Ukomisa nge-blow-dryer: umoya oshisayo ungasetshenziswa ukomisa ngokushesha (i-glass appliance dryer).

Vele, uma ufuna indlela yokuhlanza nokomisa ephephile nephumelelayo, ungakhetha futhi i-lab glassware washer ekhiqizwe yi-XPZ. Ayikwazi nje ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokuhlanza, kodwa futhi yonga isikhathi, umzamo, amanzi kanye nomsebenzi. I-lab glassware washer ekhiqizwe yi-XPZ isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bokuhlanza bamazwe ngamazwe. Ingaqedela ukuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokomisa ngenkinobho eyodwa, ikulethele ulwazi olusha lokusebenza kahle, isivinini kanye nokuphepha. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlanza nokomisa akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuzenzakalelayo kokulinga, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola kanye nomonakalo ngesikhathi somsebenzi.